1. Human development index |
|
|
Life expectancy at birth (years), 2001 |
63.3 |
|
Adult literacy rate (% age 15 and above), 2001 |
58.0 |
|
Combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio
(%), 2000/01 |
56 1
2 |
|
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 2001 |
2,840 |
|
Life expectancy index, 2001 |
0.64 |
|
Education index, 2001 |
0.57 |
|
GDP index, 2001 |
0.56 |
|
Human development index (HDI) value, 2001 |
0.590 |
|
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank |
-12 |
2. Human development index trend |
|
|
Human Development Index, 1975 |
0.416 |
|
Human Development Index, 1980 |
0.443 |
|
Human Development Index, 1985 |
0.481 |
|
Human Development Index, 1990 |
0.519 |
|
Human Development Index, 1995 |
0.553 |
|
Human Development Index, 2001 |
0.590 |
3. Human and income poverty: developing countries |
|
|
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) rank |
53 |
|
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value |
33.1 |
|
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort),
2000-05 |
15.3 |
|
Adult illiteracy rate (% age 15 and above), 2001 |
42.0 |
|
Population without sustainable access to an improved water
source, 2000 |
16 |
|
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1995-2001 |
47 |
|
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2001 |
34.7 |
|
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-2001 |
79.9 |
|
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1987-2000 |
28.6 |
|
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank |
-9 |
4. Human and income poverty: OECD, Central & Eastern Europe &
CIS |
|
|
Human Poverty Index (HPI-2) rank |
.. |
|
Human Poverty Index (HPI-2) value |
.. |
|
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort),
2000-05 |
27.9 |
|
People lacking functional literacy skills (% age 16-65), 1994-98 |
.. |
|
Long-term unemployment (as % of labour force), 2001 |
.. |
|
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 1990-2000 |
.. |
|
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95 |
.. |
|
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 1996-99 |
.. |
|
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank |
.. |
5. Demographic trends |
|
|
Total population (millions), 1975 |
620.7 |
|
Total population (millions), 2001 |
1,033.4 |
|
Total population (millions), 2015 |
1,246.4 |
|
Annual population growth rate (%), 1975-2001 |
2.0 |
|
Annual population growth rate (%), 2000-2015 |
1.3 |
|
Urban population (as % of total), 1975 |
21.3 |
|
Urban population (as % of total), 2001 |
27.9 |
|
Urban population (as % of total), 2015 |
32.2 |
|
Population under age 15 (as % of total), 2001 |
33.7 |
|
Population under age 15 (as % of total), 2015 |
27.7 |
|
population over age 65 (as % of total), 2001 |
5.0 |
|
population over age 65 (as % of total), 2015 |
6.3 |
|
Total fertility rate (per woman), 1970-75 |
5.4 |
|
Total fertility rate (per woman), 2000-05 |
3.0 |
6. Commitment to health: access, services and resources |
|
|
Population with access to improved sanitation (%), 2000 |
28 |
|
Population with sustainable access to an improved water source
(%), 2000 |
84 |
|
Population with sustainable access to affordable essential drugs
(%), 1999 |
0-49 |
|
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 2001 |
73 |
|
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 2001 |
56 |
|
Oral rehydration therapy use rate (%), 1994-2000 |
.. |
|
Contraceptive prevalence rate (%), 1995-2001 |
48 3
|
|
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1995-2001 |
43 |
|
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 1990-2002 |
48 |
|
Public health expenditure (as % of GDP), 2000 |
0.9 |
|
Private health expenditure (as % of GDP), 2000 |
4.0 |
|
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2000 |
71 |
7. Leading global health crises and challenges |
|
|
Undernourished people (as % of total population), 1998/2000 |
24 |
|
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1995-2001 |
47 |
|
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1995-2001 |
46 |
|
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1995-2000 |
26 |
|
People living with HIV/AIDS, adults (age 15-49), 2001 |
0.79 |
|
People living with HIV/AIDS, women (age 15-49), 2001 |
1,500,000 |
|
People living with HIV/AIDS, children (age 0-14), 2001 |
170,000 |
|
Malaria cases (per 100,000 people), 2000 |
7 |
|
Tuberculosis cases (per 100,000 people), 2001 |
199 |
|
Cigarette consumption per adult (annual average), 1992-2000 |
112 |
8. Survival: progress and setbacks |
|
|
Life expectancy at birth (years), 1970-75 |
50.3 |
|
Life expectancy at birth (years), 2000-05 |
63.9 |
|
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970 |
127 |
|
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2001 |
67 |
|
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970 |
202 |
|
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2001 |
93 |
|
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of
cohort), 2000-05 |
67.5 |
|
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort),
2000-05 |
61.9 |
|
Maternal mortality ratio reported (per 100,000 live births),
1985-2001 |
540 |
9. Commitment to education: public spending |
|
|
Public expenditure on education (as % of GDP), 1990 |
3.9 |
|
Public expenditure on education (as % of GDP), 1998-2000 |
4.1 |
|
Public expenditure on education (as % of total government
expenditure), 1990 |
12.2 |
|
Public expenditure on education (as % of total government
expenditure), 1998-2000 |
12.7 |
|
Public expenditure on education, pre-pimary and primary (as % of
all levels), 1990 |
38.9 |
|
Public expenditure on education, pre-pimary and primary (as % of
all levels), 1998-2000 |
39.4 4
|
|
Public expenditure on education, secondary (as % of all levels),
1990 |
27.0 |
|
Public expenditure on education, secondary (as % of all levels),
1998-2000 |
40.5 4
|
|
Public expenditure on education, tertiary (as % of all levels),
1990 |
14.9 |
|
Public expenditure on education, tertiary (as % of all levels),
1998-2000 |
20.1 4
|
10. Literacy and enrolment |
|
|
Adult literacy rate (% age 15 and above), 1990 |
49.3 |
|
Adult literacy rate (% age 15 and above), 2001 |
58.0 |
|
Youth literacy rate (% age 15-24), 1990 |
64.3 |
|
Youth literacy rate (% age 15-24), 2001 |
73.3 |
|
Net primary enrolment ratio (%), 1990-91 |
.. |
|
Net primary enrolment ratio (%), 2000-01 |
.. |
|
Net secondary enrolment ratio (%), 1990-91 |
.. |
|
Net secondary enrolment ratio (%), 2000-01 |
.. |
|
Children reaching grade 5 (%), 1999-2000 |
68 5
6 |
|
Tertiary students in science, math and engineering (as % of all
tertiary students), 1994-97 |
25 |
11. Technology: diffusion and creation |
|
|
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 1990 |
6 |
|
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2001 |
38 |
|
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 1990 |
0 |
|
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2001 |
6 |
|
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 1990 |
(.) 7
|
|
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2001 |
6.8 |
|
Patents granted to residents (per million people), 1999 |
1 |
|
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 2001 |
0.1 8
|
|
Research and development (R&D) expenditures (as % of GDP),
1996-2000 |
1.2 |
|
Scientists & engineers in R&D (per million people), 1996-2000 |
157 |
12. Economic performance |
|
|
GDP (US$ billions), 2001 |
477.3 |
|
GDP (PPP US$ Billion), 2001 |
2,930.0 |
|
GDP per capita (US$), 2001 |
462 |
|
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 2001 |
2,840 |
|
GDP per capita annual growth rate (%), 1975-2001 |
3.2 |
|
GDP per capita annual growth rate (%), 1990-2001 |
4.0 |
|
GDP per capita, highest value (PPP US$), 1975-2001 |
2,840 |
|
GDP per capita, year of highest value |
2,001 |
|
Average annual change in consumer price index (%), 1990-2001 |
8.7 |
|
Average annual change in consumer price index (%), 2000-2001 |
3.7 |
13. Inequality in income or consumption |
|
|
Survey Year |
1,997 9
|
|
Share of income or consumption (%) - Poorest 10% |
3.5 |
|
Share of income or consumption (%) - Poorest 20% |
8.1 |
|
Share of income or consumption (%) - Richest 20% |
46.1 |
|
Share of income or consumption (%) - Richest 10% |
33.5 |
|
Inequality measures - Ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10% |
9.5 |
|
Inequality measures - Ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20% |
5.7 |
|
Inequality measures - Gini index |
37.8 |
14. The structure of trade |
|
|
Imports of goods and services (as % of GDP), 1990 |
10 |
|
Imports of goods and services (as % of GDP), 2001 |
15 |
|
Exports of goods and services (as % of GDP), 1990 |
7 |
|
Exports of goods and services (as % of GDP), 2001 |
14 |
|
Primary exports (as % of merchandise exports), 1990 |
28 |
|
Primary exports (as % of merchandise exports), 2001 |
21 10
|
|
Manufactured exports (as % of merchandise exports), 1990 |
71 |
|
Manufactured exports (as % of merchandise exports), 2001 |
77 10
|
|
High-technology exports (as % of merchandise exports), 1990 |
4 |
|
High-technology exports (as % of merchandise exports), 2001 |
6 11
|
|
Terms of trade (1980=100), 2000 |
140 |
16. Flows of aid, private capital and debt |
|
|
ODA received (net disbursements) Total (US$ millions), 2001 |
1,705.4 |
|
ODA received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 2001 |
1.7 |
|
ODA received (net disbursements) (as % of GDP), 1990 |
0.4 |
|
ODA received (net disbursements) (as % of GDP), 2001 |
0.4 |
|
Net foreign direct investment inflows (as % of GDP), 1990 |
0.1 |
|
Net foreign direct investment inflows (as % of GDP), 2001 |
0.7 |
|
Other private flows (as % of GDP), 1990 |
0.5 |
|
Other private flows (as % of GDP), 2001 |
(.) |
|
Total debt service (as % of GDP), 1990 |
2.6 |
|
Total debt service (as % of GDP), 2001 |
1.9 |
|
Total debt service (as % of exports of goods and services), 1990 |
29.2 |
|
Total debt service (as % of exports of goods and services), 2001 |
12.6 |
17. Priorities in public spending |
|
|
Public expenditure on education (as % of GDP), 1990 |
3.9 |
|
Public expenditure on education (as % of GDP), 1998-2000 |
4.1 12
|
|
Public expenditure on health (as % of GDP), 1990 |
0.9 |
|
Public expenditure on health (as % of GDP), 2000 |
0.9 |
|
Military expenditure (as % of GDP), 1990 |
2.7 |
|
Military expenditure (as % of GDP), 2001 |
2.5 |
|
Total debt service (as % of GDP), 1990 |
2.6 |
|
Total debt service (as % of GDP), 2001 |
1.9 |
18. Unemployment in OECD countries |
|
|
Unemployed people (thousands), 2001 |
.. |
|
Unemployment rate (% of labour force), 2001 |
.. |
|
Average annual unemployment rate (% of labour force), 1991-2001 |
.. |
|
Female unemployment rate as % of male rate, 2001 |
.. |
|
Youth unemployment rate (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2001 |
.. |
|
Female youth unemployment rate as % of male rate, 2001 |
.. |
|
Long-term unemployment (as % of total unemployment): Female, 2001 |
.. |
|
Long-term unemployment (as % of total unemployment): Male, 2001 |
.. |
19. Energy and the environment |
|
|
Traditional fuel consumption (as % of total energy use), 1997 |
20.7 |
|
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 1980 |
130 |
|
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 2000 |
355 |
|
GDP per unit of energy use (PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent),
1980 |
2.2 |
|
GDP per unit of energy use (PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent),
2000 |
5.5 |
|
Carbon dioxide emissions - Per capita (metric tons), 1980 |
0.5 |
|
Carbon dioxide emissions - Per capita (metric tons), 1999 |
1.1 |
|
Carbon dioxide emissions - Share of world total (%), 1999 |
4.6 |
|
Ratification of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on
Biosafety, 2000 |
13
|
|
Ratification of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on
Climate Change, 1992 |
13
|
|
Ratification of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the
Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1997 |
13
|
|
Ratification of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological
Diversity, 1992 |
13
|
20. Refugees and armaments |
|
|
Internally displaced persons (thousands), 2001 |
– |
|
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 2001 |
170 |
|
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 2001 |
12 |
|
Conventional arms transfers (1990 prices) - Imports (US$
millions), 1992 |
871 |
|
Conventional arms transfers (1990 prices) - Imports (US$
millions), 2002 |
1,668 |
|
Conventional arms (1990 prices) - Exports (US$ million), 2002 |
(.) |
|
Conventional arms transfers (1990 prices) - Exports share (%),
1998-2002 |
(.) |
|
Total armed forces Thousands, 2001 |
1,298 |
|
Total armed forces Index (1985=100), 2001 |
103 |
22. Gender-related development index |
|
|
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 2001 |
103 |
|
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 2001 |
0.574 |
|
Female life expectancy at birth (years), 2001 |
64.0 |
|
Male life expectancy at birth (years), 2001 |
62.8 |
|
Female adult literacy rate (% age 15 and above), 2001 |
46.4 |
|
Male adult literacy rate (% age 15 and above), 2001 |
69.0 |
|
Female combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment
ratio (%) , 2000-01 |
49 14
15 |
|
Male combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment
ratio (%) , 2000-01 |
63 14
15 |
|
Female estimated earned income (PPP US$), 2001 |
1,531 16
|
|
Male estimated earned income (PPP US$), 2001 |
4,070 16
|
|
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 2000 |
0 |
23. Gender empowerment measure |
|
|
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank, 2001 |
.. |
|
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value |
.. |
|
Seats in parliament held by women (as % of total) |
9.3 |
|
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (as % of total) |
.. |
|
Female professional and technical workers (as % of total),
1992-2001 |
.. |
|
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income |
.. |
24. Gender inequality in education |
|
|
Female adult literacy rate (% age 15 and above), 2001 |
46.4 |
|
Adult literacy rate (female as % of male), 2001 |
67 |
|
Female youth literacy rate (% age 15-24), 2001 |
65.8 |
|
Youth literacy rate (female as % of male), 2001 |
82 |
|
Female primary net enrolment ratio, 2000-01 |
.. |
|
Primary net enrolment ratio (female as % of male), 2000-01 |
.. |
|
Female secondary net enrolment ratio, 2000-01 |
.. |
|
Secondary net enrolment ratio (female as % of male), 2000-01 |
.. |
|
Female tertiary gross enrolment ratio, 2000-01 |
8 17
18 |
|
Tertiary gross enrolment ratio (female as % of male), 2000-01 |
0.66 17
18 |
25. Gender inequality in economic activity |
|
|
Female economic activity rate (% age 15 and above), 2001 |
42.2 |
|
Female economic activity rate (index, 1990=100, age 15 and
above), 2001 |
105 |
|
Female economic activity rate (as % of male rate, age 15 and
above), 2001 |
50 |
|
Female employment in agriculture (as a % of female labour force),
1995-2001 |
.. |
|
Male employment in agriculture (as a % of male labour force),
1995-2001 |
.. |
|
Female employment in industry (as a % of female labour force),
1995-2001 |
.. |
|
Male employment in industry (as a % of male labour force),
1995-2001 |
.. |
|
Female employment in services (as a % of female labour force),
1995-2001 |
.. |
|
Male employment in services (as a % of male labour force),
1995-2001 |
.. |
|
Female contributing family workers (as % of total), 1995-2000 |
.. |
|
Male contributing family workers (as % of total), 1995-2000 |
.. |
27. Women's political participation |
|
|
Year women received right to vote |
1,950 |
|
Year women received right to stand for election |
1,950 |
|
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament |
1952 E |
|
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 2000 |
10.1 |
|
Seats in lower house or single house held by women (as % of
total) |
8.8 |
|
Seats in upper house or senate held by women (as % of total) |
10.3 |
28. Status of major international human rights instruments |
|
|
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Racial Discrimination, 1965 |
13
|
|
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 |
13
|
|
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,
1966 |
13
|
|
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women, 1979 |
13
|
|
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment, 1984 |
13
|
|
Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 |
13
|
29. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions |
|
|
Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 |
|
|
Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 |
|
|
Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 |
13
|
|
Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 |
13
|
|
Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and
occupation - Convention 100 |
13
|
|
Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and
occupation - Convention 111 |
13
|
|
Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 |
|
|
Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 |
|
MDG1. Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger - Goal 2:
Achieve universal primary education |
|
|
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2001 |
34.7 |
|
Poverty gap ratio (%), 1990-2001 |
8.2 |
|
Share of poorest 20% in national income or consumption (%),
1990-2001 |
8.1 |
|
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1995-2001 |
47 |
|
Undernourished people (as % of total population), 1990-92 |
25 |
|
Undernourished people (as % of total population), 1998-2000 |
24 |
|
Net primary enrolment ratio (%), 1990-1991 |
.. |
|
Net primary enrolment ratio (%), 2000-2001 |
.. |
|
Children reaching grade 5 (%), 1990-1991 |
.. |
|
Children reaching grade 5 (%), 1999-2000 |
68 19
20 |
|
Youth literacy rate (% age 15-24), 1990 |
64.3 |
|
Youth literacy rate (% age 15-24), 2001 |
73.3 |
MDG2. Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women |
|
|
Ratio of girls to boys, in primary education, 1990-91 |
0.71 |
|
Ratio of girls to boys, in primary education, 2000-01 |
0.77 21
22 |
|
Ratio of girls to boys, in secondary education, 2000-01 |
0.66 21
22 |
|
Ratio of girls to boys, in tertiary education, 2000-01 |
0.61 21
22 |
|
Ratio of literate females to males (age 15-24), 1990 |
0.74 |
|
Ratio of literate females to males (age 15-24), 2001 |
0.82 |
|
Female share of non-agricultural wage employment (%), 1990 |
13 |
|
Female share of non-agricultural wage employment (%), 2001 |
17 |
|
Seats in parliament held by women (as % of total), 1990 |
5 |
|
Seats in parliament held by women (as % of total), 2003 |
9 |
MDG3. Goal 4: Reduce child mortality - Goal 5: Improve
maternal health |
|
|
|
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